# UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM

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## Hainewalde: Bibliography/Literature

From The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945

The Early Camp: Hainewalde article builds upon the standard study of the early Nazi concentration camps, Klaus Drobisch and Günther Wieland, System der NS-Konzentrationslager, 1933 - 1939 (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1993). See also Mike Schmeitzner, "Ausschaltung - Verfolgung - Widerstand: Die politischen Gegner des NS-Systems in Sachsen 1933 - 1945," in Sachsen in der NS-Zeit, ed. Clemens Vollnhals (Leipzig: Gustav Kiepenhauer Verlag, 2002), pp. 183 - 199.

A listing for Hainewalde can also be found in "Dritte Verordnung zur Änderung der Sechsten Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundesntschädigungsgesetzes (3. ÄndV-6. DV-BEG), vom 24. November 1982," in Bundesgesetzblatt, ed. Bundesminister der Justiz, Teil I (1982): 1575.

A memorial is recorded in Stefanie Endlich, Nora Goldenbogen, Beatrix Herlemann, Monika Kahl, and Regina Scheer, Gedenkstätten für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus: Eine Dokumentation, vol. 2, Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen-Anhalt, Sachsen, Thüringen (Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1999).

A very good history of this camp, which unfortunately does not cite primary sources, is found at the Web site, Mahnung gegen Rechts - Städte und Gemeinden in der Zeit von 1933 - 1945 - Zittau <<http://www.mahnung-gegen-rechts.de/pages/staedte/Zittau/pages/wahlschlager.htm>>, last accessed January 25, 2005.

Primary documentation for Hainewalde begins with files nos. 4842 and 4852 in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten, as cited by Drobisch and Wieland and by Schmeitzner.

Additional primary documentation may be found in the Archivverbund Bautzen/Staatsfilialarchiv (formerly the Sächsische Hauptstaatsarchiv, Aussenstelle Bautzen), Amtshauptmannschaft Bautzen, no. 7542, as cited in Drobisch and Wieland. An important personal account is Axel Eggebrecht, Der halbe Weg: Zwischenbilanz einer Epoche (Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag GmbH, 1975). Eggebrecht's camp testimony constituted a small portion of his autobiography. As a screenwriter, he faithfully recaptured the guards' poor German.

Hainewalde was also mentioned in the National Socialist and exile press. See "Stätten der Hölle: 65 Konzentrationslager - 80,000 Schutzhaftgefangene," Neuer Vorwärts, August 27, 1933. As cited in Drobisch and Wieland, it was mentioned in the Oberlausitzer Tageszeitung, March 28, April 15, and August 30, 1933; and an unspecified issue of the Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung (Prague). Photographs of the castle, the latrine and woodcutting details, and certain SA leaders, including Standartenführer Paul Unterstab, and the reproduction of the release document for Fritz Seiler, may be found at the Mahnung gegen Rechts Web site.

Joseph Robert White, from The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945 (Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, publication forthcoming)

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