View source for TOOT 3

Although in the second instrument we could control and vary the overall amplitude from note to note, it would be more musical if we could contour the loudness during the course of each note. To do this we'll need to employ an additional unit generator linen, which the Csound reference manual defines as follows:

 kr linen kamp, irise, idur, idec
 ar linen xamp, irise, idur, idec

linen is a signal modifier, capable of computing its output at either control or audio rates. Since we plan to use it to modify the amplitude envelope of the oscillator, we'll choose the latter version. Three of linen's arguments expect i-rate variables. The fourth expects in one instance a k-rate variable (or anything slower), and in the other an x-variable (meaning a-rate or anything slower). Our linen we will get its amp from p4.

The output of the linen (k1) is patched into the kamp argument of an oscil. This applies an envelope to the oscil. The orchestra and score files now appear as:

== orchestra ==


{{ Box File | Toot03.orc | 2=<pre>
    instr 3                       ; p3=duration of note

k1        linen     p4, p6, p3, p7      ; p4=amp

a1        oscil     k1, p5, 1           ; p5=freq

          out       a1                  ; p6=attack time

          endin
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== score ==

{{ Box File | Toot03.sco | 2=<pre>
f1   0    4096 10 1      ; sine wave



;ins strt dur  amp(p4)   freq(p5)  attack(p6)     release(p7)

i3   0    1    10000     440       0.5            0.7

i3   1.5  1    10000     440       0.9            0.1

i3   3    1    5000      880       0.02           0.99

i3   4.5  1    5000      880       0.7            0.01

i3   6    2    20000     220       0.5            0.5



e

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